What is the aim of distance running technique?

• A. A rigid upper body with excessive arm drive.
• B. A smooth, free-flowing motion with minimal upper body movement.
• C. Heavy torso movement to generate momentum.
• D. Rapid, jerky leg actions.

Answer: (B)

Efficient distance running hinges on a smooth, economical gait where the upper body stays relaxed and compact. When the arms swing in a light, rhythmic pattern rather than forcing propulsion, energy is conserved and the stride remains効icient. A slight forward lean from the ankles helps move you forward without wasting energy on twisting or lifting the torso. Keeping the head steady and eyes forward supports balance and rhythm.

The other patterns disrupt this efficiency: a rigid upper body with large arm drive creates extra drag and fatigue; heavy torso movement shifts energy into the trunk and breaks the flow of the gait; rapid, jerky leg actions destabilize the rhythm and increase ground-contact time, both of which raise energy cost over distance.